مجله دانشکده دندان پزشکی اصفهان
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، زمستان 1385)

The population of disabled children has been estimated more than 300 millions all over the world. Promotions of oral health and providing proper dental treatment for mental retarded people are two major challenges of health organization in every society. Assessment of treatment needs is the first steps in program planning for these children. The current descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the number of institutionalized mental retarded children and also their dental treatment needs in Tabriz institutions. Methods and Materials: 184 handicapped children (100 boys & 84 girls) aged 1 to 14 years old in private & governmental centers were examined from 2004 to 2005. An Observational-tactile technique was used and the results were recorded in a questioner. Data's were analyzed by SPSS 11 and Chisquare T-test. The dental treatment needs were observed more frequently in the private centers (95.31%) in comparison to governmental centers (81.66%)(p < 0.05). The most prevalent dental treatment need was recorded in primary second molar (51.26%) and permanent first molar (67.53%).The most prevalent dental treatment need was restoration in primary dentition (62.93%) and permanent teeth (62.01%). Considering IQ, the highest value of dental treatment needs was seen in non trainable children (95.5%). The data were analyzed with T-test and Chi-square tests. Treatment needs value is higher in handicapped children. The prominent point is the severity of dental problems. Most of the dental treatments for these children could be done under general anesthesia in hospital so preventive plans are recommended strongly until the establishment of a specific center of dental care for these children. Key words: Mental retarded, Treatment needs, Institution, Handicap.

The selection of the 6 anterior maxillary teeth in complete denture constitutes the first esthetic foundation for edentulous patients. Many attempts have been made to establish methods of estimating the combined width of anterior maxillary teeth.The aim of this investigation was to determine whether a relationship exists between the widths of the upper anterior teeth to head circumference.Methods and Materials: This Resciptiue-Analytic survey was done on 98 dentistry students (including 49 women and 49 men 18-40 years old range). Using the digital caliper and flexible ruler, the combined width of the 6 anterior maxillary teeth at their widest dimension on crown region, were measured extra orally (on their casts). The circumferences of head were measured by meter which was crossed from Glabella and occiput. Data analysis was done by Pearson correlation coefficients and T-student tests. In men, the mean of the ratio between the head circumferences to the combined widths of the anterior maxillary teeth, which were measured by flexible ruler, was 10.6:1. Using digital caliper for measurement, the mean of the ratio was 12.32:1.In women, the mean of the ratio between the head circumferences to the widths of the anterior maxillary teeth, which were measured by flexible ruler, was 10.4:1. Using digital caliper for measurement, the mean of the ratio was 12.15:1.The Pearson correlation coefficient between head circumferences and combined width of anterior maxillary teeth was 0.343 and 0.508 using flexible ruler and digital caliper respectively. Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that head circumference can be used as a preliminary method for determining the width of the anterior maxillary teeth for edentulous patients; especially, when using digital caliper for the measurement of the widths of the anterior maxillary teeth. But no significant relationship exists between upper ratio and sex.

Increasing contagious and infectious disease in recent decays, have made persons involving in health and hygiene to follow a certain path of instructions and disciplines.Dentists and their Co-Workers can transmit the infection. prevalencing of disease such as AIDS and Hepatitis are increasing and loss of a complete study there is a brief need to do a complete study about Infection control especially in Isfahan.Methods and Materials: This was a qualitative-descriptive cross sectional study. 152 general and specialist dentists were selected randomly among 450 dentists in Isfahan during 2003. Information was gathered by a designed bisectional question which was completed partly by dentists and partly by researchers. In the next step, results were evaluated through chi-square statistical test and SPSS Program. The research findings showed that there are meaningful differences among compared groups in regard to maintaining principals of infection control. Equipments, such as oven and autoclave are currents sterilization methods. There are a few people who use these two methods correctly. Results of the study, shows that the positive role of experience and specialization in regard to infection control is very important. But what is more important is unawareness, lack of education and proper management and expensive of material and equipments of infection control user unconfidence that is weakness of infection control. So it is recommended student will be taught and then review periods will be done with planning separate educating groups or a course unit. In addition, the quality of infection control in dentistry centers will be improved with organizing researchers and standard center and encouraging in side industries to produce materials and desirable and necessary equipments. Also hygiene will be improved with doing cultural works in regard to charging treatment goals and better view about patient.

One of basic goals of prosthetic science is to reconstruct the mastication. This function is affected by different factors such as bite force. The bite force is associated with the level of satisfaction of patients from their prosthesis. Replacement the natural teeth by artificial teeth (complete and partial dentures) decreases the bite force and the level of satisfaction of the patients. In this study we measured the bite force and evaluated the level of satisfaction and problems of complete denture and implant supported over dentures.Methods and Materials: 75 patients (between 45-65 years) in 3 groups were participated in this study. First group have had complete denture for 1-6 month, second group have had complete dentures for 10 years or more and third group had mandibular implant supported over dentures. The device for measurement was the electronic bite force with strain gauge. The measurements in each side were performed in first molar area. The mean of these figures analyzed statistically. A question form was used to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the patients. These information, then were analyzed with SPSS software and ANOVA, t- test, chi square and Pearson statistically correlation test. The mean of maximum bite force in 1 to 6 month complete dentures group was 5.65±1.46 kg, in 10 years or more complete dentures group was 7.01±2.1 and in mandibular implant supported over dentures was 12.22±2/7 kg (p value =0.001). The level of satisfaction of the patients in implant supported group was very high in 76% of the patients. Maximum bite force in implant supported over dentures was significantly higher than complete denture (first and second groups). The level of satisfaction was significantly higher than other two groups. This information can show the important role of implants in increasing the bite force, mastication efficacy and the level of satisfaction of the patients.

Prostaglandins are important inflammatory mediators that their synthesis is mediated by cyclooxygenase enzyme. Therefore, non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can prohibit this enzyme, are widely used for pain control after root canal treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Celecoxib in control of acute apical inflammation following root canal treatment in cats.Methods and Materials: In this experimental animal study, 24 canines and 4 premolar (as negative control) teeth of 6 cats were studied. The cats were divided into two experimental groups: the first group received 2.5mg/kg Celecoxib orally one hour before treatment and the second group did not receive any drug. After root canal treatment, animals were sacrificed by vital perfusion technique at different intervals (8, 12 or 24 hours). The samples then evaluated histologically according to three inflammatory factors: intensity of inflammatory cells, edema and vasodilatation. The results were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. There were significant differences between two groups in the three inflammatory criteria at 8 hours after the treatment (p value

Oral parafunction habits are one of the probable etiologies of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Determining prevalence and relation between these habits and TMDs signs and symptoms are very important.Methods and Materials: In a descriptive and cross – sectional study, 325 dental students of Isfahan University of medical sciences were examined clinically. Nine parafunction habits including bruxism, clenching, biting foreign objects (e.g.: pencils), gum chewing, nail biting, sleeping on one side, chewing on one side, Tongue, cheek or lip biting and Leaning on the palm were examined. Relation between these habits and temporomandibular disorders symptoms were examined. The data were analyzed by Spearman test. According to our study, 91% of the students had at least one of the oral parafunction habits. The most prevalent parafunction habits were gum chewing (58%) and sleeping on one side (54%). TMJ noise was the most prevalent TMDs symptom. Clenching, bruxism, chewing on one side, tongue- cheek or lip biting and nail biting had significant correlation with TMDs. Like to some other studies, some parafunction habits correlated to signs and symptoms of TMDs. More attention to diagnosis of these habits and elimination of them is important in prevention and treatment of TMDs.

Flexural strength of denture base acrylic resin may be affected during disinfection process. The fibers are used as strengthening methods. The aim of this study was evaluation of fiber reinforced and non reinforced heat cure acrylic resin samples immersed in sodium hypochlorite 2.5% solution.Methods and Materials: Sixty acrylic samples (3×10×65mm) were made. Thirty samples reinforced with a non impregnated fiber. The fibers were positioned, 1mm below the surface of samples. The groups were divided to three groups: 1-without immersion, 2-immersed in water for 8 hours, 3-immersed in sodium hypochlorite 2.5% for 8 hours. Flexural strength of samples was evaluated by 3-point bending test. The results were analyzed with Two Way ANOVA Test. Mean flexural strength of fiber reinforced samples immersed in disinfectant solution was 126.5 Mpa, and in non reinforced samples immersed in disinfectant solution was 122.7Mpa. Mean flexural strength of all groups had no significant differences. The results showed this kind of fiber can not increase the flexural strength of acrylic resin samples. This method is not effective in strengthening of heat cure acrylic resin in dry, wet condition and immersed in sodium hypochlorite solution.

Oral route for conscious sedation is very easy to administer drugs and has good acceptance. Oral Midazolam and Ketamine provide the effective sedation. Also conscious sedation with combination techniques increases efficacy. N2O/O2 can be combined with other routes for conscious sedation. In this study the effectiveness of oral midazola-N2O and oral ketamine-N2O in behavioral management of children uncooperative during dental treatment was evaluated.Methods and Materials: In this study we randomly divided 60 healthy, uncooperative children of 3-7 years old in two groups. One group was administered Midazolam 0/5 mg/kg and another was administered Ketamine 6 mg/kg. After 15 minute N2O/O2 with 50%: 50% administrated. Scores of crying, consciousness, movement and general behavior are evaluated during dental procedure base on Houpt rating scale. Data were analyses with SPSS software. In both groups efficacy of sedation was more than 90% and there were not statistically significant difference between two groups. In Midazolam group, consciousness during dental procedure was higher and recovery time was shorter. Results indicated that positive and good effect of oral Midazolam or Ketamine with nitrous oxide for sedation and control of movement in children during dental treatment. Because the easy of usage and low side effects we can use form this methods for children behavior control during dental procedures.